introduction: addiction is a habit or behavior that is often hard to quit. it is estimated that 190 million persons are substance users around the world. substance abuse creates tolerance after a while. shortly after taking the drug, a person will not enjoy as the beginning of its use that is why the amount of substance used is gradually increased. the purpose of this study was to find the reas...

background and purpose: self-medication is a global medical issue, the rate of which has been reported to be on the rise in recent years. this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence rate of self-medication and the associated factors among the university students of ahvaz city, iran. materials and methods: this cross-sectional study was conducted at jundishapur and shahid chamran universities of...

results: the most important diseases to consider in the differential diagnosis of fphl include chronic telogen effluvium (cte), permanent alopecia after chemotherapy (pac), alopecia areata incognito (aai) and frontal fibrosing alopecia (ffa). this review describes criteria for distinguishing these conditions from fphl. conclusions: the only approved treatment for fphl, which is 2% topical minox...

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Background and Aims: Whole body vibration exercise by affecting the neuromuscular system and mechanical mechanisms increase muscles strength. This study investigated the effect of whole body vibration training on neuromuscular function of elderly men. Methods: Based on a randomized controlled trial design, 72 retired elderly men with a mean age of 73.00 ± 2.67 years participated in thisstudy. A...

E. Richard Stiehm, MD*, Jordan S. Orange, MD, PhD, Mark Ballow, MD, Heather Lehman, MD Division of Immunology/Allergy/Rheumatology, Mattel Children’s Hospital, UCLA School of Medicine at UCLA, CA, USA Division of Immunology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, PA, USA Division of Allergy, Immunology and Pediatric Rheumatology, Women & Children’s H...